Factors Contributing to the Sustainability of Water Projects in Mufindi District, Tanzania

Abstract

This study investigates the key factors influencing the sustainability of rural
water projects in Mufindi District, Tanzania, where challenges such as seasonal
variability, groundwater limitations, and inadequate infrastructure persist
despite national efforts to improve water access. Although water coverage in
rural Tanzania has expanded significantly rising from 50% in 2002 to nearly
80% in 2024 many systems fail within a few years due to poor maintenance, weak
governance, and limited community participation. The study stresses integrating
social, economic, environmental, and technical aspects to enhance sustainability
in rural water service delivery. Using quantitative research design and cross-
sectional survey method, the study sampled 260 respondents, including
household heads, project leaders, local government leaders and community
water committee members. Data were collected through structured
questionnaires measuring the influence of variables such as water accessibility
(distance, affordability, water facilities), management practices (leadership,
communication, maintenance systems), on sustainability of water projects.
Statistical analysis using SPSS Version 26 included descriptive statistics and
multiple linear regression, with Cronbach’s alpha confirming high reliability (α
> 0.70) of measurement instruments. Findings reveal that sustainability is
significantly influenced by maintenance systems, community communication
systems, water facilities, and proximity to water points, while affordability and
leadership also play critical roles. The study identifies leadership and
communication gaps in rural Tanzania, urging integrated, community-led
governance for sustainable water management. The insights offer practical
recommendations for policymakers, community, and water authorities to
collectively design more inclusive, resilient, and sustainable water projects,
tailored to the unique socio-economic and environmental conditions of rural
districts like Mufindi.